Work cat.: U.S. Army Research Office Workshop on Smart Materials, Structures, and Mathematical Issues. Smart materials, structures, and mathematical issues, c1989: p. 1 definition (Materials which contain their own sensors, actuators, and computational/control capabilities and/or hardware; Materials that possess adaptive capabilities to external stimuli, such as load or environment, with inherent intelligence; variant forms: Adaptive materials, intelligent materials, sense-able materials)

Eng, K.F. A peek into the brave new world of programmable materials, 2017, via Ideas.TED.com website, viewed July 8, 2020 (programmable materials, or materials that can change shape according to instructions that are essentially programmed into them; smart materials--materials that respond and adapt to environments)